The Turbinidae Family includes 167 species comprising 2 subfamilies (Turbininae (15 genus), Prisogasterinae (1))
and 16 genus (Turbo (62 species), Bolma (38), Astralium (24), Lunella (10), Lithopoma (6), Guildfordia (6), ...)

Phylum      : Mollusca
 Class       : ⤷Gastropoda 
  Subclass    : ⤷Vetigastropoda 
   Order       : ⤷Trochida 
    Superfamily : ⤷Trochoidea 
     Family      : ⤷Turbinidae

Common name : turban shells

Aspect : thick, solid, heavy and turban-shaped; globose (rounded) to conical, often with a broad base and a short spire; medium to large (up to 20 cm); rounded to oval aperture, pearly inside; strong and smooth columella; coloration can be greenish, brown, gray, or mottled; a defining feature is the strongly calcified rounded-oval operculum, flat on one side with a swirl pattern, domed and white on the other side

Feeding : herbivorous (small epibenthic algae and vegetable detritus found on substrates like rocks or seagrasses)

Environment : shallow waters (intertidal to subtidal, often up to 30–40 meters deep) in warm temperate and tropical seas worldwide, with a focus on the Indo-West Pacific on rocky substrates, coral reefs, and hard-bottom environments